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Satellite Phone

With the evolution of satellite technology to deliver phone, television, radio, internet connectivity and many other services, travellers today are now capable of sending and receiving fast and reliable video, data and audio content regardless of distance from infrastructure. In this article we clearly explain everything you need to know about buying, and using Sat Phones, Sat TV and we discuss where the future may lead in terms of using satellite technology to deliver many other useful services.
Article By: Michelle Jacka   Updated: 28 Feb 2008
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Sat phones are divided into 3 types: Installed, Laptop and Hand Held. Each have different features and some have different options like fax, data or Internet. Predominately, travellers use hand-held sat phones and so in this article we'll only focus on that option.

Why use a Sat Phone?

It stands to reason, that travellers need a communication system that they can rely on. Since satellite technology has evolved and is now a realistically priced solution for communications, there has been a insurgence of the use of satellite phones (satphone) in business, education and recreation. The uptake of satellite technology is most obvious in the tourism sector, with hand-held satellites easy to use, easy to obtain, and providing a reliable, private, communication service to users.

Advantages

Reliability
Smaller and more portable than HF radios
Easier to use (similar to using a mobile phone)
Can be hired (even couried to your door)
No installation required
SMS/data capable
A private communication system
Easy for other people to call you

Disadvantages

Charges apply for each call, as well as an access fee
No access to a specific network of travellers (eg. 4WD Radio Network)
Some satellite carriers do not enable use of 1800 numbers, 000 or access to Directory Assistance
Some satellite phones will be given an international phone number (may hinder use by your friends/family to reach you)

Sat phones are best suited to people who wish to enable other people (family/work) to make direct dial voice calls with you whilst you are travelling, Call charges are still a little higher than regular mobile phone charges, however the use of the satellite phone would be limited to essential communication only. Most satphone will have a voice mail box and some have SMS.

One of the most appealing features of the newer satphones is the dual-mode functionalities in some handsets - there are now GSM/Satphones and CDMA/Satphones. This means that you can own one handset that can be both your mobile phone and your satphone. This is particularly useful now that the improvement in mobile coverage Australiawide (particuarly CDMA) means that the emergency phone you rely on when heading into the remote bush is the same as the phone you use for day-to-day social and business use back home.

To Hire or Buy?

You can now pick up a sat phone for as little as $1995 connected to a plan. Most service providers will charge a connection fee (flag fall), a monthly access fee (which may include a certain amount of free calls) and then your call costs. Call costs can vary and are usually lower per minute if you are on a higher month plan (similar to mobile phone plans).

Before buying a satellite phone, check out if you qualify for the Government Subsidy. Applications are open until June 2009. This can save purchasers up to $1100 off the purchase price of buying a satellite phone and this may go down to $1000 in July. For more information on this subsidy please click: Dept Broadband Communications and Digital Economy (DBCDE).

Hiring may be a more cost effective option for some travellers, particularly if you wouldn't use it in your normal course of life and work (although note the comments above, dual-mode handsets that are either GSM/Sat, or CDMA/Sat are available). By hiring, you will only pay the access fee for the time of the hire period and so this is a very flexible option. Hiring your satphone will also mean you benefit from using the latest hand-sets and accessories, which hopefully means they are the most reliable and compact. Additionally, if you have hired a satphone and experienced hardware failure (even accidental damage), then a replacement can be organised quickly.

There has been a massive increase in the number of companies now offering sat phones for hire, with many offering short term rental terms, easy pick up/drop off options (many will even courier the phone to your door from any state of Australia), standard accessories for charging by 12v/240v, external antennas for improved mobile reception etc. These companies will normally have a service arrangement with their preferred satellite provider, which takes away the hassle of working out plans and fees. However, depending on how you use your sat phone (ie. mostly to receiving incoming, or mostly to make outgoing, calls), you may find one service provider is more suited to your needs than another.
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Iridium
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Iridium

Iridium is a LEO system that comprises of 66 LEO satellite and is the only provider to offer 100% global coverage of the earth. The Iridium system uses on board switching and inter-satellite links to communicate between satellites, this is called "Cross Linked".

Instead of a user needing to be in a satellite footprint with a ground station like other providers, the Iridium satellite has the ability to transfer a call to another satellite and so on until the call is transferred to the Iridium ground station, which for Australian users is in Tempe USA. This cross linking provides Iridium with Global coverage but also means that there can be a noticeable delay on the call. The main advantage of cross-linking is that you can use the Iridium phone in areas with significant canopy cover. The facilities offered by Iridium include Voice and Data at 2.4kb/s, and Direct Data with compression at 10kb/s.

Nice Features

The Iridium website enables global paging (ie. friend/family uses the website to send text message to the subscribers satellite phone) which are received in 7-15 minutes. Standard emails can also be sent to the phone (limited to 160 characters per message, 5 messages per 10 minutes, and up to 150 messages per month).

Iridium Handsets

These hansets are the Motorola 9500 and the newer model Motorola 9505.
The magnetic mount antenna which improves in-vehicle satellite reception is very useful and can be mounted to the external part of your vehicle (roof or bonnet).

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Telstra Mobile Satellite

This is a new mobile phone solution, which uses unique IridiumTM Satellite technology to deliver a portable voice and data phone service. TMS phones have a domesticated phone number, whilst standard Iridium uses an international number. This makes dialling simpler as no international codes are required. Additionally, you can dial 000, and all 1800 and 1300 numbers from a TMS phone, but not from a pure Iridium. Note - the Royal Flying Doctor Service now use Iridium TMS sat phones in their planes.

Nice features

TMS enables enhanced capability of the Iridium satellite service via a standard Telstra GSM SIM card so SMS, Message Bank, MEMO, Pocket News on Demand can all be accessed via the Iridium handset. Obviously, over time, more products that are available on GSM / CDMA will become available on TMS.

Telstra Mobile Satellite Handsets

These handsets operate on standard Iridium handsets.

Globalstar
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Globalstar

Globalstar is also a LEO system. It has 40 satellites for operational use that are at an altitude of 1,414km. Because they are relatively close to the earth, they have some distinct advantages to GEO satellites.
There is very good call clarity with no voice delays. There is minimal drop outs due to each call signal continuously scanning the other Globalstar satellites to maintain the best satellie connection as location changes. It only needs to connect to one satellite to connect your call. It utilises bent pipe technology and uses system intelligence which is resident in the gateway not the satellite allowing for easy system upgrade. Globalstar Australia is not a Global system, however it is the only fully integrated satellite and cellular service that operates Australia wide. Globalstar did have a service decline due to old satellites that were being upgraded, however, they are committed on greatly improving the coverage quality in the near future.

Nice features

Choice of 2 handsets offering either dual mode CDMA/Sat service, or GSM/Sat service. Globlalstar's Mobile Everywhere plan enables you to keep your existing mobile phone number when you buy a dual mode handset, and you will only have one phone, one number and one bill for both your CDMA or GSM and Satellite service. Globalstar phones are also data capable in satellite mode at up to 38.4kpbs, and calls made to a Globalstar satellite phone are charged only at standard mobile rates.

GlobalStar handsets

These handsets are the Qualcomm GSP1600, which is Australia's only dual mode CDMA/Sat voice and data enabled phone; and the Telit SAT550, which is a dual-mode GSM/Sat phone.

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MobileSat offers Voice, Fax and Data (including email) at 2.4kb/s. This data rate is very slow in comparison to the data rates available on ADSL and other high speed internet connections available today, however where there is no other means of communication this system can be a lifesaver.The system has separate numbers for Voice, Fax and Data with voice mail and call diversion as standard features. This system is vehicle bound and cannot be easily removed for operation away from the vehicle (although portable case options upwards of $6000 are available).
Inmarsat
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Inmarsat

This uses 4 GEO multi-purpose satellites configured in the "bent pipe" system. Between them, the main (global) beams of the satellites provide overlapping coverage of the whole surface of the Earth apart from the poles. It also uses Spot Beams within the overall Global Beams, which work to concentrate extra power in areas of high demand.

Inmarsat have recently introduced a new satellite providing Broadband service everywhere so now high speed internet is possible via satellite even when you're out in the remote bush.

Portable systems now around $2,995. Installed types consist of a large spherical ball which will maintain a lock on the satellites while on the move - mostly used in tour buses and on boats.

Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) - delivers voice and broadband data mobile communications. BGAN enables users to connect via their laptop to the internet at the fastest speeds ever offered. The standard service offers access to the internet at speeds up to 492kbps. It enables you to access e-mail and other applications, browse the Internet and send large file attachments. BGAN also offers an 'on-demand' Streaming IP service at speeds up to 256kbps, and supports ISDN. You can make phone calls at the same time as accessing data applications via a standard desktop phone, custom handset or Bluetooth handset/headset, depending on the BGAN terminal. Voice mail and other standard 3G supplementary services are also available.
The use of satellites to remote control "assets" anywhere in the world from a computer has revolutionised many businesses. Fleet operators can track their vessels and vehicles via satellite with small terminals relaying information through the internet to desktop applications. Taxi drivers are now more safer with access to email and message services relayed to and from their vehicles via satellite and now, recreational drivers can send and receive information from their vehicles via an internet managed satellite system.

Satellite technology is improving the speed and reliability of sending and receiving all sorts of video, data and audio content regardless of distance from infrastructure, which ultimately means that residents and travellers will find a steady increase in communications/entertainment capabilities regardless of distance from towns or cities.

Broadband by satellite, high speed internet, video conferencing, multicasting, voice over internet protocol, and mobile broadband are all new growth areas where satellite technology is changing our lives in both business and recreation. Mobile broadband is already achievable wherever you can drive a 4WD, which is fantastic news for Australians. Essentially, you can now have any broadband related services at your fingertips simply by installing a small satellite receiver to your vehicle - some receivers will work only whilst stationery, whilst others are being designed for continuous use even whilst travelling at high speeds. The only criteria is a clear line to the satellite(s) used by the service provider.

One of the major drivers of satellite technology is its inherent strength as a broadcast medium. Safety alerts, regional information and other targeted messages could well be sent direct to drivers in their vehicles around the country via satellite multicasting. We can certainly expect to gain access to more reliable information when
on the road through new services provided by either government or private services using multicasting in the future.

It really does appear that any product coming onto today's market using satellite technology is worth a good look.
Telstra has a unique Iridium agreement - being the only service provider globally to integrate the Iridium network into their own GSM network. This is a complex customisation called Iridium TMS. In May 2000, another hand held satellite phone system was launched, this time by Vodafone Globalstar. There was a change of ownership and name to Globalstar Australia in early 2003.

Since then the face of satellite telecommunications has been developing at a fast pace with consumers continually demanding faster, more reliable, and cost-effective voice and data services.
GEO satellites are quite ideal for direct radio and television broadcasting, satellite TV and meteorology because they require only one ground station for continuous coverage and the antennae does not have to move around. The satellite also offers a continuous view of a large area of the earth’s surface which is known as the satellite footprint. The downfalls to this type of satellite especially in regards to voice calls on satellite phones, is the noticeable delay of between 500 and 600 milliseconds. This is because the data signal needs to travel all the way up to the satellite and all the way back down to Earth. The satellite phone systems in Australia that use the GEO satellites are Optus MobileSat and Inmarsat.

Low-Earth orbiting satellites (LEO)

A satellite in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) is much closer to Earth, usually at an altitude of between 380km and 800km. A satellite this close to the Earth must be accelerated to around 27,300km an hour just so the gravity of the Earth will not pull it back in. These speeds allow a satellite to circle the Earth every 100 minutes and sometimes you can see them with the naked eye because a lot of them emit bright flashes that are caused by reflections from the sun. These are known as satellite flares and can last up to 20 seconds. LEO orbiting satellites generally consist of a constellation of many satellites working together. Due to the fact they’re much closer to the Earth than GEO satellites, this makes them ideal for mobile communications. There can be some limitations with a satellite constellation that does not fully encompass the Earth and if this is the case, you may experience short ground contact periods which can be up to 10 minutes or less, depending on the pass and locations of the satellite. They can also experience eclipses which are satellite passages through the Earth’s shadow.

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